Physics Laboratory Equipment (Applied Mech)

The B-H Curve Apparatus is a device used to study the magnetization characteristics of ferromagnetic materials by plotting their hysteresis (B-H) curve. This curve represents the relationship between magnetic flux density (B) and magnetic field strength (H) in a material, helping to analyze properties like coercivity, retentivity, and permeability.

A Ballistic Galvanometer is a highly sensitive electrical instrument used to measure small quantities of charge and impulse currents. Unlike a regular galvanometer, which measures steady currents, a ballistic galvanometer is designed to respond to sudden pulses of current and is primarily used for experiments related to electromagnetic induction and capacitance measurement.

A bifilar pendulum is a mechanical system used to study rotational motion and moment of inertia. It consists of a rigid body (a bar or disc) suspended by two parallel strings or wires, allowing it to oscillate in a horizontal plane. The plate is suspended by means of two strings of equal lengths from a rigid suspended (i.e. a heavy T-shaped clamp with two split chuck is provided on the heavy base).  It consists of a heavy cast iron rectangular plate of dimension 15x10x1.5cm.  When the plate is suspended freely, the two strings will be equally inclined to the horizontal face of the plate. The plate has six holes two holes on top, two holes on the front side and two holes on the third side of the top.

The core of the apparatus is a torsion pendulum made of a light bar with two small lead spheres, which is suspended horizontally from a thin wire. The apparatus is moved from its rest position by the attraction of the two spheres to two larger lead spheres. When the two large spheres are rotated to a new position, the torsion balance will vibrate about a new rest position. The rotary motion is measured using a capacitive differential sensor, which largely suppresses noise and vibration components in the signal. The output is then recorded using a computer. For subsequent evaluation, the data can be exported to a spreadsheet. Alternatively, the motion can be demonstrated with the aid of a light pointer.

Compound Pendulum (Steel C.P.) is a rigid body that oscillates about a horizontal axis under the influence of gravity. Unlike a simple pendulum, which consists of a mass suspended by a string, a compound pendulum has distributed mass and can be made from materials such as steel for higher rigidity and durability.

A Driven Damped Harmonic Oscillations Experiment investigates the behavior of a harmonic oscillator under the influence of an external driving force and damping. This experiment is fundamental in physics and engineering, as it models real-world systems like mechanical vibrations, electrical circuits, and molecular oscillations.

The Helical Method is an experimental technique used to determine the charge-to-mass ratio ($e/m$) of an electron by observing its motion in a uniform magnetic field. This method is based on the principle that a charged particle moving perpendicular to a magnetic field follows a circular or helical trajectory due to the Lorentz force.

Faraday Rotation is the rotation of the plane of polarization of light when it passes through a material under the influence of a magnetic field. This effect, discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845, is used in optical isolators, magneto-optical devices, and studies of magnetism in materials.

Fly Wheel Moment of Inertia for Rotational Motion Comprising of carefully machined and balanced cast iron wheel of about 8“ dia and 4.4cm thick, and steel spindle supported on the ball bearings in strong iron brackets. The sides of the wheel are red or grey painted. The top of wheel is chrome plated and is marked with a thick red line. A pointer is fixed to one of the brackets. Diametric hole is drilled in the shaft to take a pin and cord. The base is provided with four holes so that the apparatus can be fixed on a wall, complete with cord and hook. Setup Contains:- Fly Wheel Unit 8 Inch, Digital Stop Watch, Vernier Calliper, Slotted Weight 250gm & Inch Tape. Comprising of carefully machined and balanced cast iron wheel of about 8“ dia and 4.4cm thick, and steel spindle supported on the ball bearings in strong iron brackets. The sides of the wheel are red or grey painted. The top of wheel is chrome plated and is marked with a thick red line. A pointer is fixed to one of the brackets. Diametric hole is drilled in the shaft to take a pin and cord. The base is provided with four holes so that the apparatus can be fixed on a wall, complete with cord and hook. Setup Contains:- Fly Wheel Unit 8 Inch, Digital Stop Watch, Vernier Calliper, Slotted Weight 250gm & Inch Tape.

A Geiger-Müller (GM) counter is a radiation detector used to measure ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, and gamma rays). It consists of a gas-filled tube that detects radiation through ionization.

The GM tube operates on the principle that when radiation passes through it, it ionizes the gas inside, producing an electrical pulse that is counted.

Used in physics and engineering experiments to apply controlled forces. The steel nickel-plated version is particularly durable and resistant to corrosion, making it ideal for laboratory use.